The engine’s geometries and materials were also developed to harmonise intake and exhaust sounds to underscore the car’s extremely sporty character without impinging on acoustic comfort. They include the introduction of the HELE (High Emotions-Low Emissions) system -with Stop&Start, which cuts out the engine during short stops and then restarts it in 230 ms - which includes optimised gear shift pattern, intelligent engine fan control, constant fuel pump capacity control, and electronic air-conditioning compressor displacement control.Īll of these solutions combine to cut fuel consumption to just 15.4 litres per 100 km and CO2 emissions to 360 g/km, a 25 per cent reduction on the previous Ferrari V12s. This impressive result is attributable to a whole series of factors affecting every area of the car. The FF has a combustion control system that uses ionisation currents – this boosts the engine’s power output whilst reducing both fuel consumption and CO2 emissions to levels previously unheard of in a car with these characteristics. Leading-edge materials have been adopted for the pistons, piston rings and camshaft to minimise friction. The FF also has the highest compression ratio (12.3:1) in its segment and a reed valve scavenge system that reduces losses due to windage caused by the pumping action of the pistons. Those impressive figures are the result of a host of technical solutions which include high pressure GDI (200 bar) and Split Injection Control that guarantee perfect fuel pulverisation and an optimal air-fuel mix up to 8,000 rpm. The hydraulic gear and clutch actuation system is integrated into the PTU, as with the F1 Dual Clutch gearbox, and this delivers absolutely blistering gear-shifting times and thus improved system responsiveness. The PTU is also very compact (barely 170 mm long) and extremely light with the result that the 4RM weighs 50% less than a conventional 4WD system. The amount of torque transmitted is controlled by closing the disc packs in the individual clutches. Lastly, the multi-disc clutches also deal with the different speeds of rotation between the front and rear axles, and between the individual front wheels, fulfilling the function of the centre and front differentials in a traditional 4WD system.įurthermore, the front clutches are completely independent and have torque vectoring functions to allow different amounts of torque to be sent to the left and right wheels. This means the FF can be rear-wheel drive-only so that none of the exhilarating driving pleasure associated with this kind of car is lost. Thus, there is no mechanical connection between rear and front axles as they are linked to two completely independent traction systems. The PTU gets its power and torque directly from the crankshaft through a system of gearbox ratios.Two independent carbon-fibre oil-bath wet multi-plate clutch packs then vector the torque to a half-shaft connected to each front wheel. It also controls the amount of torque sent to the front wheels in general and distributes it between left and right as required. The PTU is the main mechanical component of the 4RM and manages the difference between the engine and wheel speeds.
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